Integrand size = 18, antiderivative size = 119 \[ \int \frac {x^7}{\left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )^3} \, dx=-\frac {x^6 \left (b+2 c x^2\right )}{4 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )^2}+\frac {3 b x^2 \left (2 a+b x^2\right )}{4 \left (b^2-4 a c\right )^2 \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}+\frac {3 a b \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {b+2 c x^2}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{\left (b^2-4 a c\right )^{5/2}} \]
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Time = 0.07 (sec) , antiderivative size = 119, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 5, number of rules used = 5, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.278, Rules used = {1128, 742, 736, 632, 212} \[ \int \frac {x^7}{\left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )^3} \, dx=\frac {3 a b \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {b+2 c x^2}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{\left (b^2-4 a c\right )^{5/2}}+\frac {3 b x^2 \left (2 a+b x^2\right )}{4 \left (b^2-4 a c\right )^2 \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}-\frac {x^6 \left (b+2 c x^2\right )}{4 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )^2} \]
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Rule 212
Rule 632
Rule 736
Rule 742
Rule 1128
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^3}{\left (a+b x+c x^2\right )^3} \, dx,x,x^2\right ) \\ & = -\frac {x^6 \left (b+2 c x^2\right )}{4 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )^2}+\frac {(3 b) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2}{\left (a+b x+c x^2\right )^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{4 \left (b^2-4 a c\right )} \\ & = -\frac {x^6 \left (b+2 c x^2\right )}{4 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )^2}+\frac {3 b x^2 \left (2 a+b x^2\right )}{4 \left (b^2-4 a c\right )^2 \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}-\frac {(3 a b) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a+b x+c x^2} \, dx,x,x^2\right )}{2 \left (b^2-4 a c\right )^2} \\ & = -\frac {x^6 \left (b+2 c x^2\right )}{4 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )^2}+\frac {3 b x^2 \left (2 a+b x^2\right )}{4 \left (b^2-4 a c\right )^2 \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}+\frac {(3 a b) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{b^2-4 a c-x^2} \, dx,x,b+2 c x^2\right )}{\left (b^2-4 a c\right )^2} \\ & = -\frac {x^6 \left (b+2 c x^2\right )}{4 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )^2}+\frac {3 b x^2 \left (2 a+b x^2\right )}{4 \left (b^2-4 a c\right )^2 \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}+\frac {3 a b \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {b+2 c x^2}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{\left (b^2-4 a c\right )^{5/2}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.13 (sec) , antiderivative size = 137, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.15 \[ \int \frac {x^7}{\left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )^3} \, dx=-\frac {8 a^3 c+b^4 x^4+a b x^2 \left (2 b^2+b c x^2+6 c^2 x^4\right )+a^2 \left (b^2+10 b c x^2+16 c^2 x^4\right )}{4 c \left (b^2-4 a c\right )^2 \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )^2}-\frac {3 a b \arctan \left (\frac {b+2 c x^2}{\sqrt {-b^2+4 a c}}\right )}{\left (-b^2+4 a c\right )^{5/2}} \]
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(229\) vs. \(2(111)=222\).
Time = 0.14 (sec) , antiderivative size = 230, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.93
method | result | size |
default | \(\frac {-\frac {3 a b c \,x^{6}}{16 a^{2} c^{2}-8 a \,b^{2} c +b^{4}}-\frac {\left (16 a^{2} c^{2}+a \,b^{2} c +b^{4}\right ) x^{4}}{2 c \left (16 a^{2} c^{2}-8 a \,b^{2} c +b^{4}\right )}-\frac {\left (5 a c +b^{2}\right ) a b \,x^{2}}{c \left (16 a^{2} c^{2}-8 a \,b^{2} c +b^{4}\right )}-\frac {a^{2} \left (8 a c +b^{2}\right )}{2 c \left (16 a^{2} c^{2}-8 a \,b^{2} c +b^{4}\right )}}{2 \left (c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a \right )^{2}}-\frac {3 a b \arctan \left (\frac {2 c \,x^{2}+b}{\sqrt {4 a c -b^{2}}}\right )}{\left (16 a^{2} c^{2}-8 a \,b^{2} c +b^{4}\right ) \sqrt {4 a c -b^{2}}}\) | \(230\) |
risch | \(\frac {-\frac {3 a b c \,x^{6}}{2 \left (16 a^{2} c^{2}-8 a \,b^{2} c +b^{4}\right )}-\frac {\left (16 a^{2} c^{2}+a \,b^{2} c +b^{4}\right ) x^{4}}{4 c \left (16 a^{2} c^{2}-8 a \,b^{2} c +b^{4}\right )}-\frac {\left (5 a c +b^{2}\right ) a b \,x^{2}}{2 c \left (16 a^{2} c^{2}-8 a \,b^{2} c +b^{4}\right )}-\frac {a^{2} \left (8 a c +b^{2}\right )}{4 c \left (16 a^{2} c^{2}-8 a \,b^{2} c +b^{4}\right )}}{\left (c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a \right )^{2}}-\frac {3 a b \ln \left (\left (-\left (-4 a c +b^{2}\right )^{\frac {5}{2}}-16 a^{2} b \,c^{2}+8 a \,b^{3} c -b^{5}\right ) x^{2}-32 a^{3} c^{2}+16 a^{2} b^{2} c -2 b^{4} a \right )}{2 \left (-4 a c +b^{2}\right )^{\frac {5}{2}}}+\frac {3 a b \ln \left (\left (-\left (-4 a c +b^{2}\right )^{\frac {5}{2}}+16 a^{2} b \,c^{2}-8 a \,b^{3} c +b^{5}\right ) x^{2}+32 a^{3} c^{2}-16 a^{2} b^{2} c +2 b^{4} a \right )}{2 \left (-4 a c +b^{2}\right )^{\frac {5}{2}}}\) | \(322\) |
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 434 vs. \(2 (111) = 222\).
Time = 0.26 (sec) , antiderivative size = 892, normalized size of antiderivative = 7.50 \[ \int \frac {x^7}{\left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )^3} \, dx=\left [-\frac {6 \, {\left (a b^{3} c^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} b c^{3}\right )} x^{6} + a^{2} b^{4} + 4 \, a^{3} b^{2} c - 32 \, a^{4} c^{2} + {\left (b^{6} - 3 \, a b^{4} c + 12 \, a^{2} b^{2} c^{2} - 64 \, a^{3} c^{3}\right )} x^{4} + 2 \, {\left (a b^{5} + a^{2} b^{3} c - 20 \, a^{3} b c^{2}\right )} x^{2} - 6 \, {\left (a b c^{3} x^{8} + 2 \, a b^{2} c^{2} x^{6} + 2 \, a^{2} b^{2} c x^{2} + a^{3} b c + {\left (a b^{3} c + 2 \, a^{2} b c^{2}\right )} x^{4}\right )} \sqrt {b^{2} - 4 \, a c} \log \left (\frac {2 \, c^{2} x^{4} + 2 \, b c x^{2} + b^{2} - 2 \, a c + {\left (2 \, c x^{2} + b\right )} \sqrt {b^{2} - 4 \, a c}}{c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a}\right )}{4 \, {\left (a^{2} b^{6} c - 12 \, a^{3} b^{4} c^{2} + 48 \, a^{4} b^{2} c^{3} - 64 \, a^{5} c^{4} + {\left (b^{6} c^{3} - 12 \, a b^{4} c^{4} + 48 \, a^{2} b^{2} c^{5} - 64 \, a^{3} c^{6}\right )} x^{8} + 2 \, {\left (b^{7} c^{2} - 12 \, a b^{5} c^{3} + 48 \, a^{2} b^{3} c^{4} - 64 \, a^{3} b c^{5}\right )} x^{6} + {\left (b^{8} c - 10 \, a b^{6} c^{2} + 24 \, a^{2} b^{4} c^{3} + 32 \, a^{3} b^{2} c^{4} - 128 \, a^{4} c^{5}\right )} x^{4} + 2 \, {\left (a b^{7} c - 12 \, a^{2} b^{5} c^{2} + 48 \, a^{3} b^{3} c^{3} - 64 \, a^{4} b c^{4}\right )} x^{2}\right )}}, -\frac {6 \, {\left (a b^{3} c^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} b c^{3}\right )} x^{6} + a^{2} b^{4} + 4 \, a^{3} b^{2} c - 32 \, a^{4} c^{2} + {\left (b^{6} - 3 \, a b^{4} c + 12 \, a^{2} b^{2} c^{2} - 64 \, a^{3} c^{3}\right )} x^{4} + 2 \, {\left (a b^{5} + a^{2} b^{3} c - 20 \, a^{3} b c^{2}\right )} x^{2} - 12 \, {\left (a b c^{3} x^{8} + 2 \, a b^{2} c^{2} x^{6} + 2 \, a^{2} b^{2} c x^{2} + a^{3} b c + {\left (a b^{3} c + 2 \, a^{2} b c^{2}\right )} x^{4}\right )} \sqrt {-b^{2} + 4 \, a c} \arctan \left (-\frac {{\left (2 \, c x^{2} + b\right )} \sqrt {-b^{2} + 4 \, a c}}{b^{2} - 4 \, a c}\right )}{4 \, {\left (a^{2} b^{6} c - 12 \, a^{3} b^{4} c^{2} + 48 \, a^{4} b^{2} c^{3} - 64 \, a^{5} c^{4} + {\left (b^{6} c^{3} - 12 \, a b^{4} c^{4} + 48 \, a^{2} b^{2} c^{5} - 64 \, a^{3} c^{6}\right )} x^{8} + 2 \, {\left (b^{7} c^{2} - 12 \, a b^{5} c^{3} + 48 \, a^{2} b^{3} c^{4} - 64 \, a^{3} b c^{5}\right )} x^{6} + {\left (b^{8} c - 10 \, a b^{6} c^{2} + 24 \, a^{2} b^{4} c^{3} + 32 \, a^{3} b^{2} c^{4} - 128 \, a^{4} c^{5}\right )} x^{4} + 2 \, {\left (a b^{7} c - 12 \, a^{2} b^{5} c^{2} + 48 \, a^{3} b^{3} c^{3} - 64 \, a^{4} b c^{4}\right )} x^{2}\right )}}\right ] \]
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 524 vs. \(2 (112) = 224\).
Time = 1.65 (sec) , antiderivative size = 524, normalized size of antiderivative = 4.40 \[ \int \frac {x^7}{\left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )^3} \, dx=\frac {3 a b \sqrt {- \frac {1}{\left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )^{5}}} \log {\left (x^{2} + \frac {- 192 a^{4} b c^{3} \sqrt {- \frac {1}{\left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )^{5}}} + 144 a^{3} b^{3} c^{2} \sqrt {- \frac {1}{\left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )^{5}}} - 36 a^{2} b^{5} c \sqrt {- \frac {1}{\left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )^{5}}} + 3 a b^{7} \sqrt {- \frac {1}{\left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )^{5}}} + 3 a b^{2}}{6 a b c} \right )}}{2} - \frac {3 a b \sqrt {- \frac {1}{\left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )^{5}}} \log {\left (x^{2} + \frac {192 a^{4} b c^{3} \sqrt {- \frac {1}{\left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )^{5}}} - 144 a^{3} b^{3} c^{2} \sqrt {- \frac {1}{\left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )^{5}}} + 36 a^{2} b^{5} c \sqrt {- \frac {1}{\left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )^{5}}} - 3 a b^{7} \sqrt {- \frac {1}{\left (4 a c - b^{2}\right )^{5}}} + 3 a b^{2}}{6 a b c} \right )}}{2} + \frac {- 8 a^{3} c - a^{2} b^{2} - 6 a b c^{2} x^{6} + x^{4} \left (- 16 a^{2} c^{2} - a b^{2} c - b^{4}\right ) + x^{2} \left (- 10 a^{2} b c - 2 a b^{3}\right )}{64 a^{4} c^{3} - 32 a^{3} b^{2} c^{2} + 4 a^{2} b^{4} c + x^{8} \cdot \left (64 a^{2} c^{5} - 32 a b^{2} c^{4} + 4 b^{4} c^{3}\right ) + x^{6} \cdot \left (128 a^{2} b c^{4} - 64 a b^{3} c^{3} + 8 b^{5} c^{2}\right ) + x^{4} \cdot \left (128 a^{3} c^{4} - 24 a b^{4} c^{2} + 4 b^{6} c\right ) + x^{2} \cdot \left (128 a^{3} b c^{3} - 64 a^{2} b^{3} c^{2} + 8 a b^{5} c\right )} \]
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Exception generated. \[ \int \frac {x^7}{\left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )^3} \, dx=\text {Exception raised: ValueError} \]
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none
Time = 1.32 (sec) , antiderivative size = 171, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.44 \[ \int \frac {x^7}{\left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )^3} \, dx=-\frac {3 \, a b \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, c x^{2} + b}{\sqrt {-b^{2} + 4 \, a c}}\right )}{{\left (b^{4} - 8 \, a b^{2} c + 16 \, a^{2} c^{2}\right )} \sqrt {-b^{2} + 4 \, a c}} - \frac {6 \, a b c^{2} x^{6} + b^{4} x^{4} + a b^{2} c x^{4} + 16 \, a^{2} c^{2} x^{4} + 2 \, a b^{3} x^{2} + 10 \, a^{2} b c x^{2} + a^{2} b^{2} + 8 \, a^{3} c}{4 \, {\left (b^{4} c - 8 \, a b^{2} c^{2} + 16 \, a^{2} c^{3}\right )} {\left (c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a\right )}^{2}} \]
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Time = 13.13 (sec) , antiderivative size = 423, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.55 \[ \int \frac {x^7}{\left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )^3} \, dx=-\frac {\frac {x^2\,\left (5\,c\,a^2\,b+a\,b^3\right )}{2\,c\,\left (16\,a^2\,c^2-8\,a\,b^2\,c+b^4\right )}+\frac {x^4\,\left (16\,a^2\,c^2+a\,b^2\,c+b^4\right )}{4\,c\,\left (16\,a^2\,c^2-8\,a\,b^2\,c+b^4\right )}+\frac {a\,\left (8\,c\,a^2+a\,b^2\right )}{4\,c\,\left (16\,a^2\,c^2-8\,a\,b^2\,c+b^4\right )}+\frac {3\,a\,b\,c\,x^6}{2\,\left (16\,a^2\,c^2-8\,a\,b^2\,c+b^4\right )}}{x^4\,\left (b^2+2\,a\,c\right )+a^2+c^2\,x^8+2\,a\,b\,x^2+2\,b\,c\,x^6}-\frac {3\,a\,b\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\left (x^2\,\left (\frac {9\,a\,b^2\,c^2}{{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^{9/2}\,\left (16\,a^2\,c^2-8\,a\,b^2\,c+b^4\right )}+\frac {9\,a\,b^3\,\left (32\,a^2\,b\,c^4-16\,a\,b^3\,c^3+2\,b^5\,c^2\right )}{2\,{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^{15/2}\,\left (16\,a^2\,c^2-8\,a\,b^2\,c+b^4\right )}\right )+\frac {18\,a^2\,b^3\,c^2}{{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^{15/2}}\right )\,\left (b^4\,{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^5+16\,a^2\,c^2\,{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^5-8\,a\,b^2\,c\,{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^5\right )}{18\,a^2\,b^2\,c^2}\right )}{{\left (4\,a\,c-b^2\right )}^{5/2}} \]
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